Tofotofoga aafiaga:Faʻaititia o le vai vaitusi o le pamu e tutusa lava ma le tapunia o le alatoto o le pamu. Reducing the outlet diameter is equivalent to increasing the local resistance coefficient. Following the Darcy-Weisbach formula, the system pressure will jump nonlinearly (experimental data show that a 10% reduction in diameter can lead to a 15-20% increase in pressure), while the flow rate shows a Q∝A·v attenuation law.

2. O le mafutaga i le va o le ulu ma le faʻamalosi: O le ulu o le ulu o loʻo tumau pea, o le faʻamalosi tino e suia ai dynamally